Essay/Term paper: Hepatitis

Essay, term paper, research paper:  Biology

Hepatitis


In modern society when a person gets sick with the flu or a cold they
will usually go about their normal routine with the exception of a sneeze or a
cough throughout the day. Sometimes things can be more than what they appear to
be. The symptoms start out like the flu with coughing, fever, aches, and
vomiting. However, the disease gradually worsens with symptoms of extreme
weakness and excrushatating abdominal pain. By then it is usually too late when
the person finds out that their liver is failing and that there disease is
caused by one of the most contagious, dangerous and deadliest of viruses.
These viruses that were initially concealed by flu like symptoms are now known
collectively as the disease of Hepatitis. The disease of Hepatitis is actually
by six different types of viral infections, namely, Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and
G. Hepatitis descries the destructive affect of the viral invasion of the body
and liver by six and separate viruses. Each type of viral infection varies from
one to another in degree of severity. The names of the viruses are in
alphabetical order corresponding to their discovery. There is also a non-viral
Hepatitis which is caused by substance. One rumor that has spread about
hepatitis is that a person can only contract Hepatitis if associated with HIV or
AIDS. This is not true! Any one can become infected with Hepatitis.
Unfortunately this is about all most people know of Hepatitis. They need to
know the full horror of which the virus is capable.
The first of the Hepatitis viral infection to be discovered is Hepatitis
A. Hep. A is the mild mannered virus compared to the other viruses. It has the
symptoms of influenza, fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weakening of body,
but it does have some differences such as jaundice (a yellowing pigmentation of
the skin and whites of the eyes) and urine appears to be a darker color.
Jaundice is caused by an abundance of bilirubon which has not been removed from
the blood system due to the infected liver. Hep. A does not have any special
medications or antibiotics that can be used to treat or prevent this unpleasant
virus. Some ways of avoiding this viral infection include washing the hands
very carefully and not eating food or drink of others. People living in the
same house or having close contact should clean the area very thoroughly. When
a person has contracted and then recovered from this virus, he or she is now
immune for the remainder of his or her life and will not carry the virus.
The virus can affect anyone, but young children and older adults are more
susceptible. People can transmit the virus directly to each other or
indirectly by ingesting an infected persons food or drink. Then the person will
ingest the contaminated food or drink. The disease can also be spread by
contaminated drinking water, blood, body fluids and tissue, and intravenous
needles used by drug users. The virus is contagious for a week before symptoms
are experienced and continuing until recovery from the jaundice symptom
(Hepatitis A 1996 pg. 1).
The purpose of a persons liver is to filter out harmful toxins that get
into the blood. An example of the function of the liver is similar to the use
of a noodle strainer. The noodles are mixed with the water like the toxin
mixed with the blood. The strainer removes the noodles from the water like the
liver removes the toxin from the blood. The noodles stay in, but the water goes
through. If a person were not to have a liver or it isn't functioning in the
proper manner the person would suffer extreme blood poisoning and die.
Hepatitis B can result in such malfunction of the liver.
Hep. B causes the liver to become inflamed. Usually the people that get
infected with Hep. B can fight off the virus, but there are some individuals
that are unable to fight. This would include people infected with HIV or AIDS.
The symptoms of Hep. B are very similar to Hep. A, loss of appetite, nausea and
vomiting, fever, weakness of body which may last up to several weeks even months,
abdominal pain, darkening of urine, and jaundice (American Liver Foundation June
1993 pg. 2).
The only vaccine that is used on Hep. B is called Saccharomyces
cerevesia (common bakers' yeast) (Hepatitis B 1992 pg. 4).
There is still the old home remedy of lots of bed rest, but left
untreated can result in cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Cirrhosis is a disease
caused by a virus such as Hep. B attacking the liver cells resulting in the
liver forming scare tissue. When there is scare tissue the liver becomes hard
and lumpy and backs the blood flow up. This will cause the hemorrhaging of
veins in the stomach and esophagus and will cause vomiting of blood. Hep. B is
spread in many similar ways in which Hep. A is spread, in fact most all
Hepatitis's are spread in the same way, but there are its differences. Hep. B
can be spread through a wide range of human contact including sexual contact
with an infected person, as well as simply living in the same area with a person
who has the Hep. B virus. It is the most contagious of the Hepatitis viruses.
It's even more contagious than HIV or AIDS, and it's the most commonly
contracted of the viruses(American Liver Foundation June 1993pg. 3).
Hepatitis C, formerly known as non-A, non-B Hepatitis is very similar to
Hep. B in that they both cause cirrhosis and liver cancer, except that the Hep.
C virus is caused by a bloodbrone virus. Symptoms of the virus are of the
following: loss of appetite, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and
jaundice. "Approximately twenty five percent of people infected with Hep. C
will become sick with jaundice or other symptoms of Hep. Fifty percent of these
persons may go on to develop chronic liver disease." Also some people that have
been infected with the virus may remain contagious for years (Hepatitis C 1996
pg. 1).
At the present moment there is no vaccine for the Hep. C virus, but
there is a treatment that is used to help with chronic symptoms of the virus.
This drug is called interferon alpha-2b. This drug aids in the recovery of the
liver (MAYO 1993 pg. 7).
The main causes of Hep. C transmission are the use of intravenous
needles by drug users and blood transfusions ( since May 1990, blood donation
centers have used a blood screen to detected Hep. C which has greatly diminished
the number of cases) (Hepatitis C 1996 pg. 1-2).
Hepatitis D, the super man of Hepatitis's. Hep. D is almost identical
to Hep. B, except that D is about as twice as strong as B. The symptoms of this
super virus is like an extreme case of the flu, loss of appetite, fever,
weakness, vomiting, and jaundice, only that this virus can cause liver damage
and be very dangerous if not cared for. The only treatment for this virus is to
get medical attention as soon as possible and from there the doctors will
determine what to do. Cases of Hep. D are only found in West Africa and Asia
where it has become epidemic like paportions and cases reported in the U.S. are
very rare. The reason the virus is so common is because in third world
countries the water system is very poor. People are drinking and bathing in the
same waters that are being contaminated with human feces. (American Liver
Foundation June 1993 pg. 3).
Hepatitis E is in a class all of its own. Scientist have researched
this virus for short period of time and what they have discover is that it will,
from studies, that this virus will kill women especially if they are pregnant.
If a person wanted to treat Hep. E they would have to have medical attention as
soon as symptoms appear. Hep. E is the rarest of all the different Hepatitis
virus in the U.S. This is one of the viruses that is also very common in the
third world countries. This is because of the neglect of medical attention and
poor water systems.
It has been discovered that the Hepatitis G virus is now in reality.
The reason for the skip of the letter F is because it's in debate between
scientist that do believe there is such a virus and scientist that don't believe
it that it is a Hepatitis virus. The symptoms of the newest of virus's is that
it "will set up shop in the liver, causing persistent infection, damage, and
sometimes cancer." So in turn the virus starts in the liver and works its way
out into the body. The person starts with jaundice and then the flu like
symptoms appear. Scientist have traced a similar virus back a monkey. They
believe that the virus has gone through a DNA mutation. Not only has it gone
through a mutation from animal infection into a human infection, but it also has
three separate spices of viruses inside of the one. The chance for a vaccine is
far into the very future (Fackelmann April 1996 pg. 238-239).
Medical attention is one of the most important things that need to be
done when believed that one self has contracted one of these viruses. What is
to be done when a person has contracted it from the doctor. The one that is
supposed to help the sick not harm. This is a primal factor in today's life
style. These viruses are being discovered every day. Hepatitis G was
discovered just this year and right now scientist are discussing weather or not
to consider the hepatitis F to be a virus or not. These things in life are not
disappearing there just getting bigger and people are going to have to do
something about these problems.

Works Cited

Fackelmann, Kathleen. "The Hepatitis G Enigma." Science News Apr 13, 1996: 238-
239. UMI Company. CD-ROM. Unknown Author. "Hepatitis C." MAYO Summer 1993: 7-8.
New York State Dept. of Health. Hepatitis A. [Online] Available gopher: hepa.txt
at mole.health.state.ny.us, 11-13-96 New York State Dept. of Health. Hepatitis C.
[Online] Available gopher: hepa.txt at mole.health.state.ny.us, 11-13-96 Rossi,
Lisa. Hepatitis. [Online] Available usenet:
http://www.upmc.edu/news/hepabg1.htm. Schlepphorst, Richard. October 6,1996.
Doctor of Blessing Hospital. [Unpublished Interview]. Quincy, Il.

Appendix A Schlepphorst, Richard. October 6, 1996. Doctor of Blessing Hospital.
[Unpublished Interview]. Quincy, IL.

Question I.
What are the symptoms? Ans.
The symptoms of hepatitis are very similar to the flu. Question II.
How does one go by testing the virus? Ans.
Blood test, urine. Question III.
Is it a bacteria or virus? Ans.
It is a virus, but then there is the non-viral hepatitis. Question IV.
What is non-viral hepatitis. Ans.
Non-viral hepatitis is caused by substance. Question V.
What is hepatitis? Ans.
It's a infection of the liver. Question VI.
Which of the six viruses are most common in the U.S.? Ans.
Hepatitis B. Question VII.
How is the virus spread? Ans.
It is spread through water, blood, body fluids. Question VIII.
What is the treatment for hepatitis? Ans.
Bed rest, medicine from doctors. Question IX.
What is the most common age the virus is found in? Ans.
Young children to older adults. Question X.
Which of the six viruses is the most dangerous? Ans.
Hepatitis D is known to be the deadliest, but is very rare in the U.S.