Essay/Term paper: Animal rights

Essay, term paper, research paper:  Medicine

Animal Rights


Ever since The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in
England in 1824 was formed there has been long running debates on the topic of
animal rights. The first societies were formed to protect and maintain human
treatment of work animals, such as cattle, horses and house hold pets. Towards
the end of the 19th century more organizations were formed, this time to protest
the use of animals in scientific experimentation. In today"s society groups
such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have continued these
traditional fights as well as adding new agendas. These new agendas include
hunting and fishing, and dissection of animals in science classes. This paper
will discuss the pros and cons of animal experimentation and research, animals
in the classroom, animal organizations and hunting. Along with these topics my
personal opinion will be stated, before and after researching the topic.
The rights of animals have always been important to me during my life.
This is due to the fact that I have had a dog for a pet for as long as I
remember. On this topic I feel as though having domesticated animals in the home
is fine as long as proper care is taken of them. As for more controversial issue
like animal research and experimentation my views vary. A few years ago I felt
that any research or experimentation on animals was inhumane and unjust. However
after maturing and becoming more aware of the world, I now feel as though there
are definite "goods" that come from animal research that can not come from doing
tests on humans. This view is by no means one sided. I also feel that there are
some things being done to animals that just should not happen, such as the
testing of cosmetics. In other areas of animal rights like dissection in the
classroom I think that as long as the animals died naturally it is fine to use
them to further a students education along with human cadavers. Of course, I
hope that
animal dissection can become a thing of the past with the advent of new
technologies. On the topic of hunting I have had a first hand experience. The
deer population where I live grew out of control a few years ago and as a last
resort the town decided to have a hunt. It was very controlled safe and had a
limit as to how many deer were killed. This sort of animal control is extreme
and in my opinion should be avoided at all costs. However, the overpopulation of
deer was causing health risks to the town, like a spread of lymes disease, which
made hunting a necessity. The rights of animals are watched out for by
organizations dating back to the early 1800"s. This, I feel is an important step
in protecting animals as long as they protest within there legal rights. In
order to sum my opinion up animals do have certain rights but if experiments,
research, hunting and dissection provide positive increases in knowledge that
furthers the existence of the world it is a necessary thing that must be done.
Perhaps the biggest and most debated subject dealing with the rights of
animals is the use of them in research and experimentation. "Very few people
would object to the use of animals if human lives were saved as a consequence."
(Minkoff, 26) However the extremists who do object would do so on a few key
points. Firstly, animals which are used are subjected to in humane treatment.
This consists of tests such as the LD50, which entails giving an animal a lethal
dose of a chemical or drug until 50% of them die. Also, experimenters are
subjecting them to wound experiments, radiation experiments and studies on the
effects of chemical warfare.(PETA, 2) Organizations such as PETA are also
opposed to cosmetic testing on animals due to experimenters spraying, injecting,
and feeding cosmetics to animals which cause labored breathing, blindness and
death in some cases. These organizations argue that cosmetics have already been
tested on animals in the past why continue doing the same tests. Due to the
protests of The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing in 1981, Avon and
Revlon have stopped using animals in their research.(Comptons, CD) Experiments
and research on animals such as the LD50 test and cosmetic tests are, according
to animal rights organizations cruel and inhumane towards animals. They believe
that animals have rights and they are just as important to society as humans are,
therefore if humans are not used for these experiments then animals shouldn"t
either. Despite these objections for experimenting on animals there are positive
results that come from it.
Research on animals is important in understanding diseases and developing
ways to prevent them. The polio vaccine, kidney transplants, and heart surgery
techniques have all been developed with the help of animal research. Through
increased efforts by the scientific community, effective treatments for diabetes,
diphtheria, and other diseases have been developed with animal
testing.(Bioethics, 148) There are many reasons given for it to be necessary to
work with animals in research. First scientists must be able to test medical
treatments for effectiveness and drugs for their toxicity before being tested on
humans. Also new surgical techniques before being used on humans must be tested
on living things with circulatory and pulmonary systems like ours. No "computer
models, cell cultures, nor artificial substances can simulate flesh, muscle
blood, bones and organs."(Ampef, 2) If considered carefully there is no
alternative to animal research. It is impossible to explain or predict the
course of many diseases without observing the effects of it on the entire living
system. In the classroom, it is argued, dissections must go on in order to
further our knowledge. But, what about computer programs like the virtual frog?
The answer to this is simply that even with today"s technologies these kind of
computer programs are not sophisticated enough to reproduce a living organism.
In researching the topic of animal rights my eyes have been opened to
various different reasons to support and not to support animal rights. After
serious consideration of both sides of the argument, my opinion is that animals
should be used in research and experiments, excluding cosmetic experiments. In
my opinion this type of animal use is fine as long as it results in positively
advancing the human race. Despite this point of view I also believe this
research must produce these results in a humane manner. Animals do have rights
and should not be used for unnecessary things such as hunting which is purely
taking advantage of animals because they can not defend themselves and no good
comes from this sport. The only exception to this was stated earlier in which
hunting was used as a last resort to curb a possible health threat. Finally my
hope for the use of animals in the classroom is that someday there will be
enough technological advances for computer programs that will enable them to
simulate a real animal. This actually goes for all animal testing, if we could
simulate an animal or human, on a computer we would not have to subject anyone
to testing. Animals do have the right not to treated inhumanely whether it be in
the home, laboratory, classroom or field, yet as long as animals are being used
to help benefit the world, animals in my opinion can be used in some respects.

Works cited:

Compton"s Interactive Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Compton"s New Media Inc. : 1994

Encyclopedia of Bioethics, Simon and Schuster. New York: 1995

Minkoff, Eli C., Biology Today: An Issues Approach. McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc., New York: 1996. (pp25 - 32)

Miller, David Lee Winston. " The LD50 Test, A Failure of Extreme, but Measurable,
Proportions."1997. Online. Available:
http://www.sunyit.edu/~millerd1/LD50.HTM

"Without Animal Research." Americans for Medical Progress Educational Foundation.
1997. Online. Available:
http://www.ampef.org/research.htm

"Animal Experimentation." People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. 1997.
Online. Available:
http://www.envirolink.org/arrs/peta/facts/exp/fsexp01.htm