Essay/Term paper: Criminal law investigation

Essay, term paper, research paper:  Politics

Criminal Law Investigation

Murder

Murder is when a person of sound mind unlawfully kills any person with malice
aforethought.

To be convicted of murder, it has to be proven that the accused planned to kill
the victim, or that the accused acted in a way that he/she knew would harm or
kill the victim.

To defend against murder, one could claim self-defence, that is, that they
killed the person while defending themselves, if this was proven, the accused
should get acquitted. They could also claim they were provoked, if this was
proven, the crime would be brought down to manslaughter.

The punishment for murder is usually life imprisonment, but the court can impose
any punishment they choose.

A current Australian case is the one involving Adrian Bryant, who is accused of
killing many people in Port Arthur earlier this year.

Assault

Common assault (not sexual or seizing assault), is the use of force by a person
intending to inflict pain, injury, discomfort or insult on another person.

To prove this, it must be shown that the accused committed the crime, no
forethought needs to be proven.

To defend against this, the accused could claim it was an accident, self-defence
or consent of the victim. Consent is just if the victim said it was all right
for the accused to do what he/she did. The other two are self explanatory.

The maximum penalty is 5 years imprisonment, but commonly punishments include
fines, good behaviour and community based orders.

A recent case in Australia was of a man who was stabbed outside a nightclub by a
group of people.

Rape

Rape is any introduction of any object into the vagina or anus of another person
without their consent.

To prove rape it must be proven that it was committed without the consent of the
victim.

The common defence is that the victim consented to the act, whereas, the accused
would be acquitted.

The punishment for rape is a maximum of 10 years, and if someone has been found
guilty of rape twice, they can be tried for rape with aggravated circumstances
and a maximum of 20 years applies for this crime.

An Australian case that I can remember involved a man who was accused of raping
his wife, and his defence was that she was asking for it.

Kidnapping

Kidnapping is the taking away of a person by another or others with intent to
demand payment such as ransom.

It has to be proven that the accused intended to demand something, and that they
took the person against their will.

If the accused has asked for something in return for the person they have
supposedly kidnapped, there isn't any common defences. Otherwise, they could
say the victim consented to go along with them.

The penalty is a maximum of 20 years imprisonment.

A case that I can remember is when a man from some foreign country, came to
Australia and kidnapped his son from his ex-wife's care.

Theft

Theft is the dishonest appropriation of property which belongs to another person
with the intention of permanently depriving that other person of his/her
property.

It has to be proven that the accused intentionally took the property, and they
planned to permanently deprive the person of the property.

A defence that could be used is that they intended giving it back, this may work
if the accused knew the person, otherwise, if the accused is found with the
property, they could say they bought it from someone, which they would then be
tried for possession of stolen goods, but it carries a smaller penalty.

The penalty for theft is a maximum of 10 years imprisonment.

Theft is occurring very often, small cases and larger ones. One that I can
recall was a ram raid on a jewellery store in the city earlier this year, where
a group of people rammed a four wheel drive through the front of the store and
proceeded to steal the goods from the store.